ICS 65.020.40 CCS B 64 湖 43 南 省 地 方 标 准 DB43/T 2045—2021 森林质量精准提升技术规程 Technical regulations for improvement of forest code of practice 2021 - 06 - 02 实施 2021 - 04 - 02 发布 湖南省市场监督管理局 发 布 DB43/T 2045—2021 目 次 前言························································································································ Ⅲ 1 范围 ····················································································································· 1 2 规范性引用文件 ······································································································ 1 3 术语和定义 ············································································································ 1 4 原则 ····················································································································· 1 5 主要技术措施 ········································································································· 2 5.1 森林类型选择 ··································································································· 2 5.2 林分要求 ········································································································· 2 5.3 立地条件选择 ··································································································· 2 5.4 作业设计 ········································································································· 3 5.5 林地清理 ········································································································· 3 5.6 间伐抚育 ········································································································· 3 5.7 松树采脂 ········································································································· 3 5.8 修枝 ··············································································································· 3 5.9 补植 ··············································································································· 3 5.10 抚育·············································································································· 4 5.11 林业有害生物防治 ··························································································· 4 5.12 附属设施等建设 ······························································································ 4 6 监测与档案管理 ······································································································ 5 6.1 监测评价 ········································································································· 5 6.2 档案管理 ········································································································· 5 附录 A（资料性） 各龄级林分密度参考表 ······································································· 6 附录 B（规范性） 各树种立地条件表 ············································································· 7 附录 C（资料性） 森林质量精准提升典型设计参考表 ························································ 8 附录 D（规范性） 间伐后各龄级林分密度控制表 ···························································· 10 附录 E（资料性） 推荐树种目录表 ·············································································· 11 I DB43/T 2045—2021 II DB43/T 2045—2021 前 言 本文件按照 GB/T 1.1—2020《标准化工作导则 第 1 部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规 定起草。 请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。 本文件由湖南省林业局提出。 本文件由湖南省林业标准化技术委员会归口。 本文件起草单位：湖南省林业科学院、湖南省林业局造林绿化处、浏阳市浏阳湖国有林场、湖南省 优质用材工程技术研究中心。 本文件主要起草人：童方平、刘振华、胡锋、颜子仪、李贵、欧阳俊、陈瑞、吴敏、孙良、刘帅、 李寿淼、程波、林峰。 III DB43/T 2045—2021 IV DB43/T 2045—2021 森林质量精准提升技术规程 1 范围 本文件规定了森林质量精准提升技术要点基本要求。 本文件适用于湖南省内针叶林、针阔混交林、阔叶林，但不适用于经济林、特种用途林（风景林除 外）以及其他国家一级公益林、竹林。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件， 仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本 文件。 GB/T 15776 造林技术规程 GB/T 15781 森林抚育规程 LY/T 1694 松树采集技术规程 3 术语和定义 下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 森林质量精准提升 precision improvement of forest quality 基于具有提升潜力的中幼龄林或者近熟林预期实现的培育目标，开展的林分改造、森林抚育、退化 林修复等一系列精细化经营措施和活动。 3.2 林冠下造林 afforestation in canopy base 为了改善森林结构与功能、提高林地生产力，在林下通过人工补植等措施改善森林结构与功能、提 高林地生产力的措施。 3.3 林下补植 enrichment planting 在林隙、林窗、林中空地和低郁闭度的林分及缺少目的树种的林分中补植目的树种，调整树种结构 和林分密度、提高林地生产力和生态功能的营林措施。 3.4 修枝 branch pruning 为了培育无节、少节良材，人为去除树干下部枝条的抚育方式。 4 原则 4.1 因地制宜，适地适树，造管并举，分类施策； 1 DB43/T 2045—2021 4.2 近自然森林经营，培育异龄、复层、混交的森林，提高生物多样性与森林生态系统的稳定性； 4.3 可持续森林经营，充分发挥森林多功能效益，达到永续利用。 5 主要技术措施 5.1 森林类型选择 5.1.1 针叶林 杉木、马尾松、湿地松、火炬松、落叶松、华山松等针叶纯林。 5.1.2 针叶混交林 杉木、马尾松、湿地松等针叶树与针叶树组成的混交林。 5.1.3 针阔混交林 杉木、马尾松、湿地松、落叶松、华山松与阔叶树组成的针阔叶树混交林。 5.1.4 阔叶纯林 珍贵阔叶树种或生态服务功能强的阔叶树纯林。 5.1.5 阔叶混交林 由多种阔叶树组成的混交林，