论文标题
夏皮罗时间延迟和等效原理
The Shapiro time delay and the equivalence principle
论文作者
论文摘要
光的引力时间延迟，也称为夏皮罗时间延迟，是爱因斯坦一般相对论理论的四个经典测试之一。本文以爱因斯坦的等价原则和牛顿对重力的描述的方式衍生出牛顿的时间延迟，本科生和高级高中生可以访问。该推导可以用作教学工具，类似于在不利用更先进的数学概念的情况下，将光的简化衍生物的简化推导用于教学。接下来，我们比较了Schwarzschild指标的Shapiro Time延迟的不同一般性派生衍生物，这导致了一个有益的例子，以提出制定Einstein理论的牛顿后极限的挑战。本文还描述了时间延迟公式在太阳系内的观察以及二进制脉冲星的观测中的简单应用。
The gravitational time delay of light, also called the Shapiro time delay, is one of the four classical tests of Einstein's theory of general relativity. This article derives the Newtonian version of the Shapiro time delay from Einstein's principle of equivalence and the Newtonian description of gravity, in a manner that is accessible to undergraduate students and advanced high-school students. The derivation can be used as a pedagogical tool, similar to the way that simplified derivations of the gravitational deflection of light are used in teaching about general relativity without making use of the more advanced mathematical concepts. Next, we compare different general-relativistic derivations of the Shapiro time delay from the Schwarzschild metric, which leads to an instructive example for the challenges of formulating the post-Newtonian limit of Einstein's theory. The article also describes simple applications of the time delay formula to observations within our solar system, as well as to binary pulsars.
