论文标题
宇宙重离子对撞机：宇宙通胀后快速热化
The Cosmological Heavy Ion Collider: Fast Thermalization after Cosmic Inflation
论文作者
论文摘要
重型离子围墙揭示了“快速热化”的过程。这一实验突破导致了新的理论工具来研究弱耦合和强耦合的热化过程。我们将其应用于通货膨胀宇宙学的加热时期，以及宇宙学夸克Gluon等离子体（QGP）的形成。我们计算重新加热时QGP的热化时间，发现它取决于通货膨胀的能量尺度以及剪切粘度与熵比$η/s $；或等效地，在热化时期，张量与量表比和强耦合常数。在低规模的通货膨胀和强耦合系统中，近乎实现的热化，并且用于弱耦合系统或高规模膨胀后的顺序或小于单个E折叠的膨胀。我们证明，通货膨胀的预测对热化物理化是可靠的，并在干涉仪可访问的频率下找到重力波的随机背景，尽管幅度很小。
Heavy-ion colliders have revealed the process of "fast thermalization". This experimental breakthrough has led to new theoretical tools to study the thermalization process at both weak and strong coupling. We apply this to the reheating epoch of inflationary cosmology, and the formation of a cosmological quark gluon plasma (QGP). We compute the thermalization time of the QGP at reheating, and find it is determined by the energy scale of inflation and the shear viscosity to entropy ratio $η/s$; or equivalently, the tensor-to-scalar ratio and the strong coupling constant at the epoch of thermalization. Thermalization is achieved near-instantaneously in low-scale inflation and in strongly coupled systems, and takes of order or less than a single e-fold of expansion for weakly-coupled systems or after high-scale inflation. We demonstrate that the predictions of inflation are robust to the physics of thermalization, and find a stochastic background of gravitational waves at frequencies accessible by interferometers, albeit with a small amplitude.
