论文标题
基塔夫链热发动机中的内部几何摩擦
Internal Geometric Friction in a Kitaev Chain Heat Engine
论文作者
论文摘要
我们在理想的奥托循环中研究了具有有限长度的基塔夫链的热发动机。发现拓扑相过渡的临界点与总奥托发动机的效率和工作输出的最大值相吻合。使用Hill的纳米热力学方法以及使用依赖温度依赖的能量水平的方法来考虑有限尺寸的效果。我们确定了基塔夫链发动机的散装和边界热周期，发现它们是非理想的奥托循环。与理想奥托循环偏离的物理学被确定为有限尺寸效应，我们将其称为“内部几何摩擦”，从而导致整个系统绝热转化期间从大量到边界的传热。此外，我们确定了允许在边界上独立运行理想的奥托冰箱的机制，并在整个系统中和整个系统中的理想的奥托引擎。此外，我们表明，可以通过它们对发动机工作输出的各自贡献来识别边界中的一阶相变和二阶相变。
We investigate a heat engine with a finite-length Kitaev chain in an ideal Otto cycle. It is found that the critical point of the topological phase transition coincides with the maxima of the efficiency and work output of the total Otto engine. Finite-size effects are taken into account using the method of Hill's nanothermodynamics, as well as using the method of temperature-dependent energy levels. We identify the bulk and boundary thermal cycles of the Kitaev chain engine and find that they are non-ideal Otto cycles. The physics of deviation from ideal Otto cycle is identified as a finite size effect, which we dub as "internal geometric friction", leading to heat transfer from the bulk to the boundary during adiabatic transformation of the whole system. Besides, we determine the regimes allowing for independently running an ideal Otto refrigerator at the boundary and an ideal Otto engines in the bulk and in the whole system. Furthermore, we show that the first-order phase transition in the boundary and the second-order phase transition in the bulk can be identified through their respective contributions to the engine work output.
